{"id":91,"date":"2026-04-08T18:52:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T18:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/fix-over-engineered-ooad-simplify-object-design-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T18:52:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T18:52:06","slug":"fix-over-engineered-ooad-simplify-object-design-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/fix-over-engineered-ooad-simplify-object-design-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1ecfng manh gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1eaby t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf so v\u1edbi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a OOAD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udea9 Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n n\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh sau l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ‘th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t’. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103m c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc s\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 giao di\u1ec7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hay bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p giao di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n t\u1ec7p tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a:<\/strong> C\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> l\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i constructor s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1eabu Factory tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu factory ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trung gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho logic kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n script \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83e\udde0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/h2>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed3i? Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

    1. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung chung che gi\u1ea5u logic th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    2. T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00f4i khi, khao kh\u00e1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    3. Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mang t\u00ednh chung chung. N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    4. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n

    Mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ‘ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o’ tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u00f4m nay th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ng\u00e0y mai v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

    \u2696\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    YAGNI (B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3)<\/h3>\n

    Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

    KISS (Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch)<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eebng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n hay l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

    DRY (\u0110\u1eebng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh)<\/h3>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DRY l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t m\u00e3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf chung ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/h3>\n

    K\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00ecnh to v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: NotificationSender<\/code>, EmailSender<\/code>, SMSSender<\/code>, PushSender<\/code>. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i k\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cao gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tin nh\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tin nh\u1eafn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con.<\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1edbi. M\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i do c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp g\u1ecdi s\u00e2u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111a h\u00ecnh.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 logic tr\u1edf n\u00ean minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/strong><\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng chu\u1ed7i k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    1. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng l\u1edbp trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cL\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

    2. Gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

    T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng? Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 trung gian n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    3. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eebng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a n\u00f3. M\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nhanh h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n khi th\u1ef1c thi so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 \u0111a h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    4. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u00e0m t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang sang tham s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

    5. \u01afu ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u<\/h3>\n

    M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y mai. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. H\u00e3y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1eb1m d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n (DDD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u201cAdapter\u201d hay \u201cFactory\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\ude80 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

    S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f3. Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 YAGNI v\u00e0 KISS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Gi\u1eef cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u00f4m nay. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, refactoring th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":92,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf OOAD qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[6,13],"class_list":["post-91","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1eeda l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf OOAD qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 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