{"id":85,"date":"2026-04-09T04:20:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T04:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/object-oriented-analysis-design-walkthrough\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T04:20:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T04:20:34","slug":"object-oriented-analysis-design-walkthrough","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/object-oriented-analysis-design-walkthrough\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1eeb Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec3n khai"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a OOAD, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OO). Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>G\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    OOAD \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n what<\/em> (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch) v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n how<\/em> (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

    2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n M\u1ed9t: Thu th\u1eadp Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

    H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Ph\u1ee5:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi then ch\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ai \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/li>\n
      • H\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec (th\u1eddi gian, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh<\/td>\nM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\nT\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 l\u00ean 20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ec7p PDF h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

        Khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

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        • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>T\u1eeb c\u00e2u \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
        • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p?<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

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          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: \u0110ang ch\u1edd, \u0110\u00e3 g\u1eedi, \u0110\u00e3 giao).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            X\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a? B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ba: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

            Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

            C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic kinh doanh, Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c module.<\/p>\n

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            • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cao:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
            • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp:<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Factory, Singleton).<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Adapter, Decorator).<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Observer, Strategy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo giao di\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 OOAD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 sang l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n: Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \ud83e\uddea<\/h2>\n

                  V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                  Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n

                  M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u00e0m ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DRY).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    M\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\nG\u1ecdi API<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

                    T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                    6. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u0103m: Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n

                    C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Big Bang:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                    • Tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
                    • Tri\u1ec3n khai Xanh-\u0110\u1ecf:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea1y hai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h3>\n

                      Sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Theo d\u00f5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
                      • Thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n
                      • L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        7. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                        Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai OOAD kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Tu\u00e2n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc YAGNI (B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3). Ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                        M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/h3>\n

                        M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                        M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

                        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

                        8. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u2705<\/h2>\n

                        OOAD th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                        • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
                        • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                          9. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p OOAD v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 OOAD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> OOAD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                          • DevOps:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i: hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                            10. Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                            Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                            Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m cam k\u1ebft theo quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic s\u1edbm, khi ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a OOAD.<\/p>\n

                            Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                            Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. N\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0 duy trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. OOAD ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":86,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD: T\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt OOAD \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[6,13],"class_list":["post-85","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn OOAD: T\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 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