{"id":79,"date":"2026-04-09T13:42:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T13:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/component-breakdown-object-oriented-analysis-design-modeling-entities-classes\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T13:42:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T13:42:47","slug":"component-breakdown-object-oriented-analysis-design-modeling-entities-classes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/component-breakdown-object-oriented-analysis-design-modeling-entities-classes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a OOAD. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Educational<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 OOAD<\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i tham gia v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh OOAD<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c OOAD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

    1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

    M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cNh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/p>\n

    3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

    Sau khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

    4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/code>, \u0110\u00e3 giao<\/code>, ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u00e3 giao<\/code>. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udccb T\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n

    Xem l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, Kho h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Mua, T\u00ednh to\u00e1n, Giao h\u00e0ng, L\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: L\u1ecdc theo t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> l\u1edbp, \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

      \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong> nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. H\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, orderID<\/code>).<\/li>\n
      • M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, orderDate<\/code>, t\u1ed5ngS\u1ed1Ti\u1ec1n<\/code>).<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ngS\u1ed1Ti\u1ec1nSauKhuy\u1ebfnM\u00e3i<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t XeH\u01a1i<\/code> l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 inPhi\u1ebfu<\/code> n\u1ebfu C\u01a1QuanC\u1ea3nhS\u00e1t<\/code> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd17 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1oVi\u00ean<\/code> d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t H\u1ecdcSinh<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nKim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (r\u1ed7ng)<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ed9i<\/code> c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i<\/code>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\nKim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u1ea7y)<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0<\/code> c\u00f3 Ph\u00f2ng<\/code>. Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/td>\nTam gi\u00e1c<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cl\u00e0-m\u1ed9t\u201d. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Xe t\u1ea3i<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Tr\u00ecnh sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 logic kinh doanh mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong OOAD<\/h2>\n

        Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh OOAD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

        M\u1eabu t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n

        Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n
        • Singleton:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m truy c\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

          Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ed9 trang tr\u00ed:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1eabu h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n

            Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
            • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i t\u1eebng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udd04 Tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

              OOAD hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee9c 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee9c 2: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic<\/h3>\n

              M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung chi ti\u1ebft. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (c\u00f4ng khai\/ri\u00eang t\u01b0), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee9c 3: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n

              M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

              \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn cho m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y chia l\u1edbp n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
              • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd:<\/strong>Khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp lu\u00f4n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code>l\u1edbp n\u00ean ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 \u00e2m n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udcdd X\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\ude80 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n

                  Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 logic l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y chia n\u00f3 ra.<\/li>\n
                  • Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong> \u1ea8n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
                  • Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng thay v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83c\udf1f T\u00f3m t\u1eaft quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
                    2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n
                    3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                    4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                    5. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/li>\n
                    6. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                    7. X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh doanh, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83c\udf93 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 OOAD<\/h2>\n

                      Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho nh\u00f3m. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n OOAD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[6,13],"class_list":["post-79","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n OOAD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 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