{"id":47,"date":"2026-03-21T12:14:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T12:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/avoiding-ambiguity-in-requirement-cards\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T12:14:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T12:14:07","slug":"avoiding-ambiguity-in-requirement-cards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/avoiding-ambiguity-in-requirement-cards\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng: Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ch\u1ee9a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n d\u0129 r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u2018nhanh\u2019 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u2018tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean\u2019 kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd0d \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3?<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\u201d, th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef:<\/strong> T\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ‘th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng’ ho\u1eb7c ‘b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9’.<\/li>\n
  • L\u00f4gic:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, th\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian suy \u0111o\u00e1n thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcc9 Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n khi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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    • T\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ed9i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m r\u00f5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn.<\/li>\n
    • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng ‘H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i’, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i chung. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda kinh doanh l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\uded1 Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

      1. T\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 quan<\/h3>\n

      Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n

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      • Nhanh \/ Nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<\/strong>Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e2y? 100ms? 1s?<\/li>\n
      • D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \/ \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>D\u00e0nh cho ai? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi hay chuy\u00ean gia?<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \/ Tin c\u1eady:<\/strong>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? 99%? 99,9%?<\/li>\n
      • Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i?<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec v\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

        Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111i sai.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ‘Nh\u1eadp email’, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

        3. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh backend c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udee0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST<\/h3>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 bao qu\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng hai ch\u1eef c\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • I \u2013 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
        • S \u2013 Nh\u1ecf:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • T \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hay ch\u01b0a. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u1ea5u:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • G\u1eedi m\u1ed9t email.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed T\u1ed1t:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat \u201cG\u1eedi\u201d, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
            • Email x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi trong v\u00f2ng 5 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n
            • Email ch\u1ee9a m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Gherkin<\/h3>\n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p Given-When-Then bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

              C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
              • Khi:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u00ec:<\/strong> K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Cho r\u1eb1ng<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
                • Khi<\/strong> h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn trang h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u00ec<\/strong> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb avatar hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh M\u01a1 h\u1ed3 vs. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

                  B\u1ea3ng sau minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tham chi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/th>\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\nVi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  L\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhanh.<\/td>\n\u201cNhanh\u201d l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/td>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong v\u00f2ng 200ms cho t\u1ed1i \u0111a 1000 m\u1ee5c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p JPG ho\u1eb7c PNG v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a 5MB.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  N\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/td>\nQu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/td>\nK\u00edch ho\u1ea1t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u.<\/td>\nKhi n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/td>\nL\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i 30 gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1ea5u t\u00edch m\u00e0u xanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \ud83e\udde9 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (DoD)<\/h2>\n

                  R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u201cM\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201cM\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c DoD to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                  Khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng DoD to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ebb tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c DoD to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1ebb v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udd0e Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

                    1. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd do d\u1ef1, th\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

                    2. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

                    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean. H\u1ecd h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\u201d N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                    3. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                    Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u00ean kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Th\u1ebb n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\uddfa X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean<\/h2>\n

                    C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

                    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ed7ng:<\/strong>Danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
                    • L\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u?<\/li>\n
                    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi?<\/li>\n
                    • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ean d\u00e0i 100 k\u00fd t\u1ef1?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng trong th\u1ebb thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83e\udd1d H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n

                      S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sprint.<\/p>\n

                      Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3u ‘Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed n\u1ebfu…’<\/li>\n
                      • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
                      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Premium\u201d), h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh giao di\u1ec7n mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 logic.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83d\udcdd Vi\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

                        Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cAi\u201d, \u201cL\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Ai:<\/strong>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n
                        • L\u00e0m g\u00ec:<\/strong>Thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1ea1i sao:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ‘T\u1ea1i sao’, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ‘Ai’, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng sai. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ebb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                          \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t [vai tr\u00f2], t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n [t\u00ednh n\u0103ng], \u0111\u1ec3 [l\u1ee3i \u00edch].<\/p>\n

                          \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng sang k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udee1 Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

                          C\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API RESTful\u201d, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cCho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udd04 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                          Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • L\u00fd do thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                          • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                            \u2705 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

                            Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebb sang c\u1ed9t ‘S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n’, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra qua danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \u2610 Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1ebb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                            • \u2610 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t sprint.<\/p>\n

                              \ud83d\ude80 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                              Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Given-When-Then cho c\u00e1c logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                              • Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                              • Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
                              • Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u1ebb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ebb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ch\u1ee9a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[6,7],"class_list":["post-47","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-user-story","tag-academic","tag-user-story"],"yoast_head":"\nTr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/avoiding-ambiguity-in-requirement-cards\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. 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