{"id":304,"date":"2026-04-07T06:20:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T06:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/object-oriented-analysis-design-action-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T06:20:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T06:20:45","slug":"object-oriented-analysis-design-action-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/object-oriented-analysis-design-action-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ebfm khi di\u1ec5n ra theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang logic m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOAD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tham gia v\u00e0o OOAD, h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a OOAD \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc then ch\u1ed1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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  • Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>Gom d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea5u \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    1. Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o). \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

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    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ai?<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/li>\n
    • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t?<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

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      • T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn).<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed<\/h3>\n

        Khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y qu\u00e9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecdc ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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        • C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/em>, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>).<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/em>).<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay h\u00e0nh vi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

          Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n

          Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

          1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

          Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/li>\n
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            • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/em>M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p:<\/em>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9-ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/em>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3-ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/em>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha-con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n

              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>Minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

                M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. G\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>L\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n
                • X\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong>L\u1edbp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c logic.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i:<\/strong>L\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                • Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>L\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  So s\u00e1nh: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vs. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/th>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nCao, Mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p, Tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu kinh doanh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nL\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Singleton:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp n\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n
                  • Builder:<\/strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

                    C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Adapter:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n
                    • Decorator:<\/strong>G\u1eafn th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                    • Facade:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      C\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                      • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed7i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                      • L\u1ec7nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                        T\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                        B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c module t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
                        • Tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                        • Th\u1ef1c thi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
                        • Vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

                          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                          Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, sai l\u1ea7m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                          1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                          T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eebng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                          2. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm<\/h3>\n

                          Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn.<\/p>\n

                          3. L\u1edbp Th\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

                          M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                          4. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/h3>\n

                          Khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                          Tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                          Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. OOAD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                          • V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Giao ti\u1ebfp \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong OOAD. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u API:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c module.<\/li>\n
                            • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>Ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

                              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh OOAD \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n

                              Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                              Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. D\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf hay l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

                              Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                              Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ebfm khi di\u1ec5n ra theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc OOAD. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[6,13],"class_list":["post-304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc OOAD. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/vn\/object-oriented-analysis-design-action-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc OOAD. 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