{"id":72,"date":"2026-04-11T05:53:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T05:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/cn\/essential-object-oriented-analysis-design-checklist-junior-engineer\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T05:53:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T05:53:48","slug":"essential-object-oriented-analysis-design-checklist-junior-engineer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/cn\/essential-object-oriented-analysis-design-checklist-junior-engineer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6bcf\u4e2a\u521d\u7ea7\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u5907\u6e05\u5355"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u521d\u7ea7\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u538b\u529b\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u6025\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u8df3\u8fc7\u5173\u952e\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u8106\u5f31\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOAD\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u65ad\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u9677\u5165\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u5b83\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u6b64\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u672a\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Charcoal contour sketch infographic showing the 6-phase Object-Oriented Analysis and Design checklist for junior engineers: problem space analysis, functional requirements with use cases, conceptual class modeling, structural relationships (association\/aggregation\/composition\/inheritance), behavioral sequence diagrams, and quality assurance with SOLID principles, coupling\/cohesion balance, and common pitfalls visualized in hand-drawn artistic style\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hi-posts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ooad-checklist-infographic-junior-engineers-charcoal-sketch.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83e\udde0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u695a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u504f\u79bb\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bc6\u522b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u8c01\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5916\u90e8API\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u53f0\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff1f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u89e6\u53d1\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\uff1f\u8bf7\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u754c\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\uff1a<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff1f\u8303\u56f4\u8513\u5ef6\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4f60\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udccb \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u7528\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u7528\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u5ba1\u67e5\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66ff\u4ee3\u6d41\u7a0b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u6216\u610f\u5916\u8f93\u5165\uff1f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u540e\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>\u52a8\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u7528\u6237\u6545\u4e8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u6237\u6545\u4e8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6355\u6349\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e13\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a[\u89d2\u8272]\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b[\u529f\u80fd]\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf[\u597d\u5904]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u9700\u6c42\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u672a\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f \u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u9700\u6c42\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u7684\u95ea\u5149\u70b9\u3002\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<p>\u5927\u58f0\u6717\u8bfb\u4f60\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6587\u6863\u3002\u6807\u51fa\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u6216\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5019\u9009\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u3002\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u7528\u6237<\/em>, <em>\u8ba2\u5355<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/strong> \u4fc3\u8fdb\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u901a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u91d1\u989d<\/em>, <em>\u5730\u5740<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7ec6\u5c0f\u6216\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u592a\u5927\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u5b9a\u4e49\u804c\u8d23<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6216\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u8d23\u4efb\u9a71\u52a8\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b83\u6301\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\/\u7279\u6027\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b83\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong>\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\/\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b83\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff1f<\/strong>\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;<strong>GRASP<\/strong> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u601d\u7ef4\u6307\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u914d\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u4fe1\u606f\u4e13\u5bb6<\/em> \u6a21\u5f0f\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u804c\u8d23\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5\u804c\u8d23\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd17 \u9636\u6bb5 4\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5173\u8054\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e86\u89e3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u5b66\u751f<\/em> \u6ce8\u518c\u4e86<em>\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u805a\u5408\uff1a<\/strong> \u201c\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u7cfb<\/em> \u62e5\u6709<em>\u6559\u6388<\/em>\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u6388\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/strong> \u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u201c\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u623f\u5c4b<\/em> \u62e5\u6709<em>\u623f\u95f4<\/em>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u623f\u5c4b\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u623f\u95f4\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u5316\u7248\u672c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u5361\u8f66<\/em> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd<em>\u8f66\u8f86<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5e94\u8ffd\u6c42\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u4e94\u4e2a\u7c7b\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u6216\u91cd\u6784\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u56fe\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u7eb8\u7b14\u753b\u51fa\u65b9\u6846\u548c\u7bad\u5934\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\u6216\u8fc7\u6df1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u2699\ufe0f \u9636\u6bb55\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff1b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u4f5c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u987a\u5e8f\u56fe<\/h3>\n<p>\u987a\u5e8f\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u653e\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u8f74\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u653e\u5728\u5782\u76f4\u8f74\u4e0a\u3002\u7ed8\u5236\u65f6\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8ddf\u968f\u6d88\u606f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b64\u7ec3\u4e60\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cObject A \u8c03\u7528 Object B\uff0c\u800c Object B \u53c8\u8c03\u7528 Object C\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u6587\u6863<\/em>\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5982\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<em>\u8349\u7a3f<\/em>, <em>\u5ba1\u6838<\/em>, <em>\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03<\/em>\uff0c\u6216<em>\u5df2\u5f52\u6863<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u6548\u8f6c\u6362\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03<\/em> \u6587\u6863\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u5ffd\u7565\u72b6\u6001\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u2705 \u9636\u6bb56\uff1a\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u68c0\u67e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u8026\u5408\u4e0e\u5185\u805a<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u5e94\u4e0e\u8be5\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u8026\u5408\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u516c\u5171API\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u53e6\u5916\u4e94\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. SOLID\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e38\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e94\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u653e\/\u5c01\u95ed\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9e\u4f53\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u4fee\u6539\u5c01\u95ed\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u65e0\u7f1d\u66ff\u6362\u5176\u57fa\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u8feb\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcdd \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOAD\uff09\u7ec8\u6781\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u524d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u9010\u9879\u52fe\u9009\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n<th>\u68c0\u67e5\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u72b6\u6001<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\n<td>\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u5df2\u660e\u786e\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u7f16\u5199\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\u5417\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7c7b\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u805a\u5408\/\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\u662f\u5426\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u884c\u4e3a\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u884c\u4e3a\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5faaSOLID\u539f\u5219\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fb9\u7f18\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\ud83d\udeab \u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\u4ecd\u4f1a\u56f0\u4f4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u907f\u5f00\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u8d2b\u4e4f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6301\u6709\u8005\u4e14\u53ea\u6709getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5d4c\u5165\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237<\/em>\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55<code>\u53d6\u6b3e()<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f59\u989d\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. 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